To meet the needs of the laboratory-water market, a modified electro-deionization (EDI) module has been developed to produce Type 2 purified water. An EDI module consists of desalting and concentrating fluidic compartments that are both filled with anion and cation ion-exchange resins; an anode and a cathode electrode are at opposite ends. In the design in this research, the anode electrode is segmented into three parts and individual dc amperages are applied to each segment; the cathode electrode is a single common electrode. Critical to the performance and longevity of this type of EDI module are: (1) the optimization of the applied dc amperages and (2) the ionic mass balance (i.e., the concentrations of specific and total ions of the RO feedwater to the module compared to the concentrations in the water exiting the module via the desalting and concentrating compartments). To determine a suitable current for each electrode pair, a full-factorial experimental design was developed and employed. For the application of this combination of amperages, the critical parameter of specific-ion mass balance was determined using ion-chromatographic measurements. Read more